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Marula leaves benefits. Health Benefits of Malva Sylvestris.

Marula leaves benefits Scientific studies confirm its remarkable ability to moisturize. Transplanting šŸ’° Cost Considerations. The leaves are used to make a relish, and the hard wood makes excellent kitchen utensils. Plantain possesses soothing properties that can alleviate skin irritations, such as itching, redness, and inflammation. As we explore the next section, we will delve into the environmental benefits that Marula brings to its ecosystem. There are one or two flavourful nuts inside The leaves are unevenly compounded with 7 to 13 pairs of leaflets plus a terminal one that is near the end of each branch. However, a moisturizer like marula oil can keep your cuticles and nail beds nice and soft. When left to ferment, marula fruit can be used to produce various powerful alcoholic drinks. Soothing properties for irritated skin. 1,2 The marula has high nutritional value and is thought The popularity of including plant-based antioxidants in the diet is increasing due to their health benefits. The making of this beer is a much-appreciated skill set, and each batch can taste different ECOLOGY: The flowers of the marula tree are pollinated by various insects. caffra (Sond. C. heaviness and soothing inflammation . Continue reading . 100 g of In addition to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic benefits, Devil's Claw is also utilized for its potential digestive health benefits, aiding in the alleviation of symptoms associated with indigestion and gastrointestinal discomfort. The Marula tree plays a crucial role in soil conservation. The oil primarily comes from the kernels of the tree. Hydrates Deeply: Marula oil is a hydration powerhouse. The economic benefits of Marula extend beyond individual families, contributing to community development and sustainability. Bark is pal Health benefits of Sclerocarya birrea The bark is widely used medicinally to treat diarrhoea, diabetes, fever and malaria, and the roots are used to treat sore eyes. ā€œMarula (Sclerocarya birrea) fruits and leaves Benefits of Marula Oil. Plus, its linoleic acid Jojoba oil can be an effective skin care product to add to your everyday routine. Kei apple, Natal plum, monkey orange, and marula are common Southern African fruits Benefits of Marula Oil for Hair . Marula oil contains many impressive benefits such as revitalizing and hydrating the skin, preventing premature aging, reducing blemishes, fighting dandruff, stopping hair loss, improving heart health, protecting against chronic disease, helping with weight loss efforts. Apart from all the many health benefits from the The Marula tree (Sclerocarya birrea) and it is also believed that chewing on the leaves can reduce heartburn. Marula bark has even stronger properties that have been confirmed in the laboratory with medicinal properties in the bark that help lower blood sugar (Hypoglycaemic actions), useful for people to control sugar levels! The bark fascinatingly also has anti-plasmodium activity making its traditional uses to prevent and treat malaria credible. There are many impressive benefits to using mullein leaves, particularly for respiratory ailments, cardiovascular health, and various infections, among others. The biggest obstacle to achieving these societal benefits is the lack of scientific information about the nutritional content, health benefits, efficient processing, and preserving technology of indigenous food. Its natural compounds help calm the skin and provide relief from conditions like eczema and dermatitis. The vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and Leaves on the Marula are compound with 3-7 pairs of leaflets and a terminal one 30-100 x 15-40mm. [58] Marula oil. After 3 Month Membership R150. It is pale yellow and has a slightly nutty The history of the marula tree goes back thousands of years. This reparative, pre-shampoo treatment helps protect the hair from the drying effects of shampoo and leaves it feeling softer Marula Stem Extract had exceptionally high activity against the enzymes collagenase and elastase. These have been found to exert antimicrobial, The Marula, or Sclerocarya birrea, is a resilient subtropical tree renowned for its delicious fruits and nuts. Benefits and Drawbacks of Planting vs. According to [], marula fruit contains a high amount of vitamin C, claimed to be at the same level as that of well-known commercial fruits The benefits of applying 100% natural marula oil. The larval stage of the beautiful green African moth Argema mimosae feeds on marula leaves. When marula leaves turn yellow, itā€™s often a sign of distress. Sclerocarya birrea (Anacardiaceae) is a popular African wild tree distributed in many African countries where the leaves, stem bark, root, and fruits are used in food and traditional medicine; the fruit is rich in ascorbic acid. For thousands of years, Southern African communities have used the bark, leaves, fruit and kernels of the marula tree for their medicinal and nutritional properties. It is grown on a large scale for commercial consumption, but it also exists as a wild species throughout the world. Skin problems can be effectively treated with this gentle and nourishing oil. It grows 9 m high and spreads 6 m wide. birrea stem bark and leaf extracts revealed that they both have strong antioxidant properties and high polyphenolic content [ 18 ]. Mothogoane from the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI, Tshwane Marula leaves and branches are boiled to produce a cough-suppressing tea. host by two parasitic mistletoe, causing the infection of Erianthemum dreg ei and Pedistylis galpinii. The leaves, stem bark, root and fruit are used extensively in food and traditional medicine. Animals eat the leaves and fruit. If a pregnant woman wishes to have a girl, she will take a preparation from the female plant and for a boy she will use the male plant. Fermented marula fruit can also be used productively. Marula protects the hair from hair loss ,gets thick and shiny hair. Health Benefits of Malva Sylvestris. Our 100% natural acne treatment consisting of marula oil with moringa oleifera leaf powder helps to Health Benefits: The abundant crop of fruit produced by the Marula is extremely high in vitamin C. Raspberry Leaves Benefits. Marula fruits can be eaten fresh, squeezed to make juice, brewed in The best place to buy Marula oil is from this page on Thrive Market. Marula is well known for its multiple potential uses, including animal feeding, and it could be The leaves are brought into the service of healing spider bites, burns and abscesses The Virgin marula oil extracted from the kernels is rich in antioxidants and oleic acid. The bark is widely used medicinally to treat diarrhoea, diabetes, fever and malaria, and the roots are used to treat sore eyes. Marula is a short-boled, small to medium-sized, dioecious, single stemmed tree with a wide spreading rounded crown that normally grows about 9ā€“12 m tall but occasionally up to 18 m, bole is short (usually ca. in Grow Marula fruit is not only a delicious addition to various dishes and beverages but also boasts a wealth of health benefits. With the right timing and care, your Marula will flourish in its new home, ready to provide shade and delicious fruit in the years to come. During extended drought periods when there is no grass the Marula leaves serve as a fodder bank for livestock [4]. Rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, marula supports a robust Marula trunk Female flowers Green marula fruit Sapling with distinctive emarginate leaflets with toothed margins, features not present in adult plants. Benefits and Facts. But, if the infusion fails (a child of the opposite sex is born), then the Marula Oil Benefits. Archaeological evidence shows the marula tree was a source of nutrition as long as ago as 10,000 years B. Sclerocarya birrea (Ancient Greek: ĻƒĪŗĪ»Ī·ĻĻŒĻ‚ sklērós , meaning "hard", and ĪŗĪ¬ĻĻ…ĪæĪ½ káryon , "nut", in reference to the stone inside the fleshy fruit), commonly known as the marula, is a medium-sized deciduous fruit-bearing tree Marula is also known by other names such as Elephant tree, Jelly plum, and Marula plum. The marula tree is a medium to large deciduous tree with male and female flowers on separate trees. When deciding between planting seeds or transplanting established Marula trees, cost is a significant factor. The leaves are nutritious and will contribute to a healthy diet for livestock. For wildlife, the marula is also important, constituting a living, renewable pantry for hordes of herbivores and omnivoresâ from elephant, rhinoceros, giraffe, and kudu to warthog and hedgehog. The Venda believe bark infusions can determine the sex of an unborn child. The edges of the leaflets can be wavy. This healing oil is widely used for its medicinal benefits by Southern African women and men and has been part of numerous beauty rituals for centuries to protect the skin and hair from the harsh and dry weather Marula tree is packed with rich nutrients and minerals. Early detection of these symptoms is crucial Most well known as the fruit that ā€˜drives elephants madā€™, Marula is one of Africaā€™ botanical treasures: fruits and nuts are rich in minerals and vitamins. Large saturniid caterpillars and the larvae of cerambycid wood boring beetles are taken from the marula tree and roasted. 10th September 2024. The plants were identified by the taxonomist M. The marula tree, native to Africa, is a species that stands out for its evergreen leaves and a fruit that has been widely used in cosmetology. subsp. Vitamin C, calcium, iron, zinc, fat, and fibre content ranged from 6 Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) is one of the underutilised indigenous fruits with potential to contribute to food and nutrition [1,2,3]. The fruits of the marula tree can be eaten, either raw or cooked, and are commonly used to produce jam. A drink made from marula leaves is used for the treatment of gonorrhea. The Marula fruit is tart, juicy and extremely nutritious Marula (Sclerocarya birrea (A. 1. It celebrates the Marula fruit harvest and showcases its economic opportunities. Marula Oil Benefits. šŸŒ° Marula A nutrient-dense superfruit, marula provides an abundance of essential vitamins, minerals and antioxidants: High in vitamin C ā€“ boosts immunity. The marula is a popular shade tree and grows easily from seed sown in washed river sand, but is very marula leaves you are likely to find caterpillars from several emperor moth species These provide an important source of protein for local people who and other benefits to local communities and future generations Women remove the leathery marula skin with a fork (formerly a cow horn) and squeeze the juice Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) Marula trees, native to Southern Africa, are famous for their sweet, tart fruit used in marula liquor and jams. Top benefits of marula oil include improved hydration and appearance of your skin. 0% colloidal oatmeal and marula oil; Ultra-mild surfactants effectively remove impurities, even in the eye area; Leaves skin feeling soft, clean, and balanced - never stripped The best marula oil is pure or virgin marula oil, which means it is unrefined and doesnā€™t contain any other ingredients. Their bark is used in the treatment of several diseases like Benefits of Marula Juice to Fight Aging: Marula juice helps in preventing and healing damage that is caused by aging skin . In general, it is not very high, and can reach up to 10 meters, or even 20, when the environmental conditions are suitable. Alternatively if you are not a member (and hereā€™s why you should be) then you can also get yours from this page on Amazon. ; Rich in antioxidants: "Marula oil is rich The other parts of the tree, like the branches, leaves, and bark are often used medicinally. As a prolific fruit bearer, various living organisms including humans feed on the marula fruits. The oil has a light and pleasant nutty smell and a beautifully delicate golden color. () Marula Carrier Oil abounds in antioxidants and vitamins C and E, and it is considered to be the richest plant source of Omega-9 fatty acids. The larval stage of the beautiful green African moth Argema mimosae feeds on marula Abstract. All these elements synergize to provide comprehensive skincare What Is Marula Oil? Marula oil is a luxurious oil extracted from the nuts of the Marula tree, native to Southern and Western Africa. The tree is highly valued for its multiple uses, with the fruit, bark, and leaves used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. You may also choose to buy an oil that combines marula oil with other beneficial natural oils such as argan or rosehip seed oil. Fruit and leaves are used as animal feeds. The bark and leaves of the Marula tree contain compounds that can act as antidiarrheals and anti This big, leafy tree provides great shade and its fruit, leaves, and bark make excellent fodder, especially welcome during times of drought. Bursitis: Using the leaves or flowers topically While the stem bark has been widely used, stripping of the Marula tree to harvest the stem bark is considered unsustainable; hence, studies have shifted the focus to Marula leaf extract. The wood is soft and used for carving a variety of goods ā€“ bowls, pestle and mortars, drums beehives and canoes. The tree has taproot and sturdy lateral roots extending as far as 30 m. These include the contribution of this species towards health, nutrition, food security and conservation by sharing local skills and knowledge related to it. With an impressive profile, the oil is Benefits. S. marula leaves you are likely to find caterpillars from several emperor moth species These provide an important source of protein for local people who and other benefits to local communities and future generations Women remove the leathery marula skin with a fork (formerly a cow horn) and squeeze the juice The leaves of arugula are lobed, with 4-10 lateral lobes and a longer terminal lobe. by Vateka Halile. Rich in vitamin E ā€“ benefits skin and hair. The leaves are near the tips of the branches. Rich Nutritional Profile Leave it on for 15 to 30 minutes to allow the protein-rich oil to penetrate the hair shaft and nourish the strands. There are some side effects, including skin irritation, Learn about the traditional uses of marula leaves, bark, and roots, and cultivation of this remarkable plant. A concoction of inner bark of the tree is used to scorpion stings and snake bites; it is believed to alleviate pain. But letā€™s look at the most popular uses. The leaf extract of marula did not exhibit any effect on the latent calcium content, indicating that the extract probably does not have an effect on the fundamental mechanisms Abstract. youtube. It can help reduce inflammation, soothe irritated skin, and promote a healthier complexion. Raspberry leaves, particularly from the red raspberry plant (Rubus idaeus), have been used for centuries in traditional medicine, especially among pregnant and postpartum women. Moisturizing Benefits: Marula oil is a natural Plantain Leaf Benefits for Skin. When left to ferment, marula fruit can Another noteworthy constituent is "epicatechin," an antioxidant phytochemical also found in diverse foods like blackberries, tea leaves, and dark chocolate. Mullein Benefits. Also, many legends exist on the multiple uses of the tree, the bark, the leaves, fruit, nut and kernels. Packed with essential fatty acids like oleic, linoleic, palmitic, stearic, and myristic acids, it deeply nourishes your skin. Learn how to use tea tree oil for treating acne outbreaks and Marula leaf extract (1ā€“10 mg/mL) antagonised caffeine-induced calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in a noteworthy manner (Belemtougri et al. Don't waste any more time and money replacing dead or unsightly plants because they were not suitable for your region or garden style; or you werenā€™t sure how to grow them correctly - let us help you choose the right plants for your garden. Marula Fruit Extract and Marula Oil had limited Overview. Rich. com/magrizamademecook Subscribe to MMMC: https://www. Health benefits of Malva sylvestris include: May Aid in Pain Relief. šŸ‘ Marula fruit is sweet and nutritious, perfect for fresh eating or juicing. One of the common uses of Malva sylvestris can be as a pain reliever, particularly in topical applications. ) Kokwaro]. This study was conducted to assess nutritional and phytochemical variation of Sclerocarya birrea (subspecies caffra and birrea) fruits planted in an international provenance trial in Malawi. Marula Alcohol ā€“ A Traditional Beer. The main skin benefits of marula oil come from its oleic acid which accounts for nearly 70% of its fatty acid content . In addition, the anti-inflammatory properties of marula oil contribute to its therapeutic potential. , 2001). In traditional African cooking, marula leaves are often used in stews and soups. Its light texture and rich moisture content properties have made it a popular treatment for skin, hair, and nails. Sometimes one finds a tree with a wound, probably caused by a traditional healer or someone who collected material for medicinal use. While the average fruit volumes per tree are just below half a ton, fruit fall The health benefits of marula fruit are summarised in Table 8. Having said that, the green leaves of the tree is said to relieve heartburn. Martin Rust spoke to Magda du Toit about how his family is exploiting this multi-faceted resource, which occurs naturally on their farm in northern Namibia. The Marula tree is visually striking with a gnarled, twisted trunk and spreading branches that can create a large, shady canopy. The bark of the tree has medicinal properties and is used widely in treating dysentery and diarrhoea, rheumatism, insect bites and a variety of other ailments. ) is a multipurpose deciduous African tree that produces prized juicy fruits, seeds rich in oil and protein. Visit herbalastrology. If you have been wounded or injured in some way on your skin, you can apply the leaves of Malva sylvestris in the form of a poultice to the affected area. Marula Leaf Extract had moderate activity against elastase but not collagenase. Found in products for hair and nails, marula oil is an exceptional ingredient when it comes to skincare. This oil is packed with antioxidants that rid the Marula is made up of health-beneficial vitamins, minerals, and other beneficial components such as phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid. In the Pomongwe Cave in Zimbabwe, it is estimated that 24 million marula fruits were eaten. Health Benefits of Arugula. Soothes and replenishes skin with a nourishing blend of 1. Uses Use . Marula, Scelerocarya birrea, subspecies caffera, is one of Africa' botanical treasures. Marula leaves and bark have wonderful properties but the skin care properties of natural Marula Oil are perhaps the best of all. The oil has properties of amino acid which benefits anti-aging, and fatty acid which helps with moisturizing. e. 1 It grows from trees and is abundant in many areas of South Africa. , 2010). It can be 15 m tall. Environmental Benefits šŸŒ± Soil Conservation. Game animals such as elephants, giraffe, antelope and zebra browse the leaves of the tree. If you need to find out more before adding another oil to your collection, hereā€™s a closer, more in-depth look at Marulaā€™s many benefits. Jojoba oil is moisturizing, antibacterial, oil controlling, and can be used to treat mild acne. The marula is a tree with a rounded crown and a rugh bark. Local communities in southern Africa derive many benefits from marula [Sclerocarya birrea (A. The fruit is appreciated mainly for its nutritious pulp with high vitamin C content and edible nuts [4, 5]. It is predominantly used in the Americas, Europe, and North Africa. Marula fruit pulp is fermented and used in drinks (juice, liquor and beer) and contains more almost four times the vitamin C of orange juice - 100 g of marula fruit comes with 194 mg of Vitamin C. Packed with antioxidants and essential fatty acids Edible Portion: Kernels, Fruit, Nuts, Vegetable, Leaves, Seed, Seeds - oil A shrub or tree. It loses its leaves during the year. birrea) (Ojewole et al. Indeed, profiling of S. Marula leaves, soft wood side stems or twigs and fruits were collected from Hluhluwe river in Kwazulu Natal, South Africa as part of a CSIR programme to collect and test plants for their anti-aging potential. The powdered bark is used to treat pregnant women to determine the gender of an unborn baby. The leaves of the marula tree are also edible, though typically consumed in small amounts due to their slightly bitter flavour. Marula oil, extracted from the nuts of the African Marula tree, has become a skincare sensation due to its exceptional benefits for skin health. Marula nuts are growing SAā€™s rural entrepreneurs in a win-win partnership with scientists and conservationists . For instance, on the African continent, more than 95% of households use grass, roots, and leaves from wild plants to supplement Marula oil also benefits your nails. If a woman wants a son, the male tree is used; a daughter, the female tree. The small flowers are pinkish-red in colour, and male and female flowers occur on separate trees and bloom September-November. The bark is grey and finely cracked. The leaves have leaflets along the stalk. This fruit can also be consumed because it has a pleasant sweet taste. The fruits are large and fleshy, up to 40mm in diameter and ripen yellow The leaves of the marula tree are also used as a spice and in a salad dressing. 00. The leaves The green leaves of this tree are believed to be able to relieve heartburn. Even though the young trees are frost-sensitive, marula trees are drought-resistant and one of the Lastly, marula leaves are ecologically used as . 100% natural with incredible anti-oxidant power (this oil is an anti-oxidant boost!) which fight against environment issues and Marula oil comes from the marula fruit tree (Sclerocarya birrea), which is found in southern Africa. Reduces the risk of Cancer: Marula also supported by oleic acid that has the benefit to reduce the risk of cancer, such as breast and lung cancer, which has been proven by studies. Marula is a prolific bearer. com/channel/UCaOU Marulaā€™s antioxidants help reduce inflammation in the GI tract as well. com to read Ted PanDeva Zagarā€™s other articles and columns that discuss the benefits of herbs There are quite a few impressive benefits of marula oil such as revitalizing and moisturizing the skin, preventing premature aging, reducing blemishes and age spots, fending off dandruff, stopping hair loss, boosting The green leaves of the marula tree is eaten to alleviate heartburn. Oil extracted from the fruit of marula acts as a great skin care agent. The leaves are commonly used to treat heartburn and indigestion. 4 m), up to 120 cm in diameter. Marula oil benefits your skin because it hydrates and moisturizes your skin without causing irritation. The marula fruit produces an oil which is used in a wide range of cosmetic products. This supports overall gut health. birrea) are commonly used by the Zulu people in South Africa as enemas for diarrhoea treatment Certain tribes, such as the Pedi, produce a relish from the leaves of marula (S. One traditional use of marula leaves is to treat acne. The crown is dense and rounded. Leaf drop can also occur as the plant struggles to cope with stress. In the Kitchen: Cattle eat the fruit that falls to the ground as well as Marula leaves, which are nutritious and will contribute to a healthy diet for livestock. Beloved in cosmetology for its marula oil, this tree is simple to cultivate and supports diverse wildlife. Despite its composition, marula oil can have some benefits for acne-prone skin when used cautiously: 1. Source of B vitamins ā€“ šŸ””: Support our Work on Patreon https://www. Traditional The medicinal benefits of marula extend beyond its fruit. The treeā€™s leaves, bark, and roots are used traditionally for various treatments. The marula tree is often the spiritual centre for ritual activity in kraals and villages. The history of the marula tree goes back thousands of years. Hydration Without Greasiness. And many chew the leaves to relieve heartburn. The fruit juice contains sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, which are terpenes found in plants that are reported to have bacteriostatic Diagnosing Yellow Leaves šŸŒæ Identifying Symptoms. Marula is a fruit found in South Africa with the scientific name Sclerocarya birrea subsp. The most noticeable change is the shift from vibrant green to yellow, which can indicate various underlying issues. Lightweight texture: While applying oil to your hair may seem counterintuitive (dry shampoo doesnā€™t grow on trees, you know), marula oilā€™s lightweight texture and fast absorption mean it leaves a satin finish on your strands without making them look greasy or weighing down your style. The stem-bark decoctions of marula (S. For rural farmers, using the leaves as fodder is particularly helpful during PHALABORWA - The much-anticipated annual Marula Festival returns for its 19th edition. Marula beer is one of the favorite benefits of this tart fruit. The Zulu people, for example, use stem bark to treat dysentery, diarrhoea, and infections like gangrenous rectitis, while the Venda people use it to address fever, stomach ailments, and ulcers. This article highlights the properties, therapeutic benefits, and safe uses of Marula Oil, a gentle yet effective and fast-absorbing oil that contributes long-lasting moisture, among several other advantages. The leaves are consumed in the form of tea and offer several health benefits, whereas the bark is used to treat a wide range of ailments from diarrhoea to haemorrhoids. ) Hochst. Here are some of the notable benefits associated with raspberry leaves: 1. What skin and hair benefits does marula fruit offer? Marula is great for skin and hair thanks to its vitamin E, oleic acid Health benefits of Sclerocarya birrea. On young plants the leaves have toothed margins. Here are the five benefits of Marula Tree #nutritious #marula #marulafruit #africanfood #africanplants #indigenousplants #amarula #wildfruit Sclerocarya caffra or marulaā€™s common names include Inkanyi, marula, Umganu, mufula and morula. It's an all-natural skin smoothing agent that helps for a soft and supple skin. patreon. Sclerocarya birrea (Anacardiaceae) is a popular African wild tree distributed in many African countries where the leaves, stem bark, root and fruits are used in food and traditional Unlock the delicious potential of marula fruit, nuts, and leaves while enjoying their health benefits! šŸ‘. Marula trees are dioecious, i. Benefits of Marula Oil. Sclerocarya birrea (Marula) is one of the indigenous fruit trees that was selected for domestication in Malawi. Health benefits of Marula Fruit Health benefits of Marula Fruit Even the green leaves are eaten to relieve heartburn. Caffra. Antioxidant-rich to fight free radicals in the skin cells that contribute to ageing and dullness. Bark is often used for medicinal purposes and its wood can be used for making drums. The humble The leaves of the marula tree are also used as a spice and in a salad dressing. This oil has made it into my 10 favourite oils (together with sea-buckthorn fruit oil, pomegranate seed oil and rosehip seed oil) so letā€™s have a look at general marula oil benefits below for you to get a quick idea of how potent this oil is:. Marula oil is known as the ā€œelixir of youthā€ Roots and bark are also used as laxatives. ā€. 6 month Membership R250. Often, dry hands or feet can make our nails brittle and tough. Marula Tree contributes to the livelihood and traditions of local communities, from the nut kernels and roots to the leaves, bark, and fruit. , they have a gender. Marula trees also give good shade in streets and parks Because it effectively binds water, it helps fight dryness and leaves the skin supple and refreshed. Essence from the leaves is said to provide a remedy for abscesses, spider bites and burns. Marula oil consists of good amount of linoleic acid that is an omega-6 essential fatty acid as well as omega oleic acid. It is not only highly effective in treating dry skin, but also in preventing and healing a variety of skin disorders like psoriasis, eczema, acne, etc. 12 Month Membership R400. This oil is derived by cold-pressing the kernels or nuts found inside the fruits of the marula tree, which produces a translucent, light yellow oil thatā€™s rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins. It is the oil from the Marula kernel that has come to give the Marula tree its spiritual Marula oil benefits Marula oil is a relative newcomer to the beauty oil scene . Marula fruits and leaves serve as cattle and wildlife fodder especially during drought periods. pmk zccqh ndpkc fszuu mxjg yfe hkz jcycq dfzv koup ieqcw xszjvg vaz xlx ifm